2. Rational legal authority based on positive law. It reflects a complex distribution and is based on the principle of legality: regulation of authority by law. Academics such as Max Weber and Charles Perrow have characterized rational and legal bureaucracy as the most efficient form of administration. [1] [2] An example of an operational legal authority for everyone to understand is that the head of a commercial department must establish the purchase of a set of materials that serve to develop work in this area. The State gives authority to various agents and officials. The Authority, as shown by its theoretical definitions, also describes the prestige that a person or organization has acquired over the years because of its quality, preparation or importance attained at a certain level: “Dr. Segovia is an authority in the field of cardiology”, “An authority on these issues, such as the Foundation for Applied Research, has ratified the complaint of the neighbors”. In traditional authority, the legitimacy of authority comes from tradition or custom; Weber described it as “the authority of the eternal yesterday” and identified it as the source of authority for monarchies. 3. Charismatic authority is usually a vestige. A leader presents himself as a representative of a team, a divine revelation.
Charismatic authority tends to become traditional authority over time. Most modern bureaucratic officials, bureaucrats, and political leaders represent this type of authority. The second type of moral authority is personal calling. Those who have this can be called leaders because their psychological, moral and social qualities give them an ascending position in relation to others. In the field of administration and organizational management, authority is the authority to exercise command and decision-making in a company or institution. Therefore, there are different types of authority in the management of tasks and production processes in an organization. Similarly, authority is also known as the text or expression of a book or scripture cited as the medium of what is claimed or said. If society as a whole approves of the exercise of power in some way, then power is considered a “legitimate authority.” A judge is an authority who has the power to enforce laws and punish those who do not respect them. Power to impose obedience. Authority can be expressed in several ways.
Max Weber divided legitimate authority into three different types of societies: traditional authority, rational-legal authority, and charismatic authority. Each of these authorities has its own unique complex societies that have evolved from simple definitions. From the Latin word auctorĭtas, the concept of authority refers to a power that someone attains, a legitimate leader, and someone who receives powers or abilities over a group of people. In general, it makes it possible to appoint those who govern a country or a region and who have a voice of command by imposition or popular will: “The authorities have ordered the closure of the company accused of pollution.” Although rational and legal authority may be questioned by subordinates, it is unlikely to lead to a rapid change in the nature of the system. Such power struggles, Weber argues, can be based on nationalism and ethnicity and are primarily political struggles. Weber also points out that legal authority is the most advanced and that societies evolve from the most traditional and charismatic authorities to the most rational and legal, as the instability of charismatic authority forces them to regulate themselves as a more structured form of authority. He also points out that in a pure form of traditional governance, sufficient resistance to a leader can lead to a “traditional revolution.” Weber thus alludes to an inevitable shift towards a rational and legal authority structure, which is why a bureaucratic structure is used. When one suggests the unsustainability of a move in this direction, all this refers to Weber`s broader concept of rationalization. Therefore, this theory can sometimes be considered part of the theory of cultural evolution. It should also be noted that the idea of authority is often associated with the power accumulated by states. Officials in the state sphere are allowed to promulgate and promulgate certain measures that must be implemented and respected, provided that they do not violate a law or defy the applicable rules. Weber wrote that the modern state, based on rational and legal authority, emerged from the patrimonial and feudal struggle for power (see Traditional Authority) only in Western civilization.
The prerequisites for the modern Western state are as follows: In particular, we can affirm that there are two clearly defined types of authority. Thus, on the one hand, we find out what is the legal authority that is determined and imposed by the obligation. In turn, it consists of two classes: the formal, which is exercised by a boss through his corresponding subordinates, and the operational. It is the one that is characterized by the fact that it is not exercised over people, but is defined as the power that someone has to decide to perform a series of concrete actions. 1.Traditional authority is based on the principle of custom. It is usually reflected in political institutions with hereditary positions. Formal authority: This is the authority obtained directly from a supervisor or manager and gives an employee certain powers consistent with his or her position to exercise authority over subordinate workers. Authority is something you can have, but you have to earn it. Then, the sociologist Max Weber distinguished 3 types of authority: traditional, rational-legal and charismatic. Max Weber distinguished three ideal types of legitimate authority. He wrote about these three types of authority both in his essay The Three Types of Legitimate Power, published in his masterpiece Economy and Society, and in his classic discourse “Politics as a Vocation.” Weber defined the legal system as one in which rules are proclaimed and followed as legitimate because they are consistent with other laws, how they can be promulgated, and how they are to be enforced.
In addition, they are enforced by a government that monopolizes their implementation and the legitimate use of physical force. Weber`s belief that there was no rational and legal authority in imperial China was strongly criticized and did not have many followers at the beginning of the twenty-first century. Charismatic authority is so different from legal-rational and traditional power because it does not develop from the established tradition, but from the belief that adherents have in the leader. Authority, on the other hand, also takes the prestige and recognition recognized in a person or institution based on its legitimacy, quality, or competence in a particular field or subject: “At the height of his career, the French thinker was considered an authority in modern anthropology.” These three types are ideal types and rarely appear in their pure form. In all three cases of legitimate authority, he opposed illegitimate “domination” or domination imposed by force. According to Weber, authority is the power that is accepted as legitimate by those who are subject to it. These three forms of authority must appear in a “hierarchical order of development”. States move from charismatic to traditional authority and eventually attain the state of rational and legal authority characteristic of a modern liberal democracy. Modern democracies contain many examples of legal and rational regimes. There are several ways in which legal authority can develop.
